Return to article

Table 2. Comparison of variables of different groups of smokers and the group of nonsmoking patients. Values in bold are significantly different

No. of Cigarettes, d^-1	No. of Patients	pH	Volume	Motility (a + b), %	Concentration	Fertility Index, x 10⁶	Apoptosis, %	Necrosis, %	Immaturity, %
Nonsmokers	153	7.6	3	23.84	43.50	0.105	10.27	43.41	70.69
Mild ( $≥$ 1 and $≤$ 10)	42	7.6	3.5	24.07	42.88	0.11	11.86	41.87	69.94
Moderate (>10 and <20)	25	7.6	2.5	28.24	57	0.095	10.57	39.57	70.49
Heavy ( $≥$ 20)	51	7.6	3	22.09	21^a,b	0.026^a,b	12.26	45.67	73.43

a P < .05 (heavy compared with mild smokers).
b P < .05 (heavy smokers compared with control group).