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Table. Effect of sperm pretreatment on fertilization, in vitro culture to blastocysts, and implantation after ICSI in B6D2 mice^*

					Embryo stage, no. transferred
Sperm pretreatment	No. of injected oocytes (no. of sessions)	No. of surviving oocytes (%)	No. of 2-cell embryos (%)	No. of blastocysts (%)	2-cell	Blastocyst	No. of implantations (%)

No incubation	59 (2)	49 (83)	47 (96)	—	47		32 (68) ${dagger}$ , ${dagger}$
90 min in CM	75 (2)	54 (72)	49 (91)	—	49		24 (49) ${ddagger}$
No incubation	57 (2)	57 (100)	53 (93)	26 (49)		26	14 (54) ${dagger}$ , ${dagger}$ ${ddagger}$
90 min in CM	85 (2)	70 (82)	64 (91)	28 (44)		28	6 (21) $§$

*CM indicates conditioned medium; ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
${dagger}$ vs ${ddagger}$ P = .042 (z-test; P < .05).
${ddagger}$ vs $§$ P $≤$ .001 (z-test; P < .05).
${dagger}$ vs $§$ P $≤$ .001 (z-test; P < .05).