| Cognitive Study/Test |
Dependent Variable |
Placebo Group |
T-Only Group |
T+F Group |
P |
|
| Visual memory/Benton Visual Retention test |
# Correct (10 maximum) |
|
|
|
|
| |
Baseline (n = 69) |
6.17 (0.38) |
6.33 (0.27) |
5.96 (0.31) |
.71 |
| |
4 mo (n = 65) |
5.90 (0.38) |
6.48 (0.35) |
6.62 (0.31) |
.32 |
| |
36 mo (n = 46) |
5.50 (0.51) |
6.50 (0.46) |
6.43 (0.47) |
.26 |
| |
# of errors |
|
|
|
|
| |
Baseline (n = 69) |
5.22 (0.69) |
5.08 (0.48) |
5.59 (0.44) |
.80 |
| |
4 mo (n = 65) |
5.52 (0.69) |
4.57 (0.53) |
4.52 (0.53) |
.41 |
| |
36 mo (n = 46) |
6.44 (0.98) |
4.69 (0.64) |
4.57 (0.69) |
.18 |
| Visuospatial skills/Judgment of Line Orientation test |
# correct (out of 15) |
|
|
|
|
| |
Baseline (n = 68) |
11.96 (0.48) |
12.38 (0.42) |
12.38 (0.39) |
.73 |
| |
4 mo (n = 65) |
12.00 (0.36) |
12.83 (0.38) |
12.71 (0.44) |
.29 |
| |
36 mo (n = 46) |
11.94 (0.42) |
12.63 (0.50) |
13.21 (0.47) |
.17 |
| Attention/Digit Span test |
# of points forward |
|
|
|
|
| |
Baseline (n = 68) |
8.17 (0.37) |
8.63 (0.44) |
8.86 (0.30) |
.44 |
| |
4 mo (n = 65) |
8.48 (0.39) |
9.44 (0.32) |
8.71 (0.34) |
.13 |
| |
36 mo (n = 46) |
8.94 (0.48) |
9.81 (0.39) |
9.43 (0.39) |
.34 |
| |
# of points backward |
|
|
|
|
| |
Baseline (n = 68) |
6.44 (0.40) |
7.29 (0.43) |
6.29 (0.40) |
.18 |
| |
4 mo (n = 65) |
6.10 (0.37) |
7.17 (0.43) |
6.33 (0.40) |
.14 |
| |
36 mo (n = 46) |
6.63 (0.47) |
8.38 (0.49) |
6.64 (0.44) |
.02 |
| Attention/Trails A |
Time, s |
|
|
|
|
| |
Baseline (n = 69) |
40.44 (2.20) |
39.83 (2.82) |
42.91 (2.61) |
.67 |
| |
4 mo (n = 65) |
38.05 (3.78) |
37.44 (2.36) |
38.05 (1.87) |
.98 |
| |
36 mo (n = 46) |
37.56 (5.19) |
37.56 (3.55) |
36.43 (2.54) |
.98 |
| Executive functioning/Trails B |
Time, s |
|
|
|
|
| |
Baseline (n = 69) |
90.43 (6.70) |
81.83 (5.39) |
99.18 (7.92) |
.19 |
| |
4 mo (n = 65) |
92.52 (11.62) |
89.74 (7.16) |
89.91 (6.33) |
.97 |
| |
36 mo (n = 46) |
86.88 (10.77) |
87.31 (9.28) |
85.86 (6.31) |
.99 |
| Verbal memory/Selective Reminding test |
Total recall (# maximum) |
|
|
|
|
| |
Baseline (n = 68) |
41.33 (1.53) |
41.61 (1.51) |
42.73 (1.63) |
.80 |
| |
4 mo (n = 64) |
38.55 (1.51) |
41.78 (1.49) |
42.57 (1.32) |
.13 |
| |
36 mo(n = 46) |
38.38 (2.32) |
40.25 (1.61) |
46.07 (1.72) |
.02 |
| |
Long-term storage |
|
|
|
|
| |
Baseline (n = 68) |
27.38 (2.14) |
28.22 (2.43) |
30.46 (2.75) |
.67 |
| |
4 mo (n = 64) |
23.85 (2.66) |
26.30 (2.55) |
28.38 (2.31) |
.46 |
| |
36 mo (n = 46) |
25.00 (3.70) |
24.38 (2.88) |
33.14 (3.43) |
.14 |
| |
Consistent long-term retrieval |
|
|
|
|
| |
Baseline (n = 68) |
17.43 (1.70) |
18.35 (2.42) |
18.46 (2.09) |
.93 |
| |
4 mo (n = 64) |
13.60 (1.97) |
16.65 (2.42) |
21.14 (1.85) |
.05 |
| |
36 mo (n = 46) |
16.88 (3.01) |
15.63 (2.97) |
22.64 (2.65) |
.22 |
| |
Delayed recall |
|
|
|
|
| |
Baseline (n = 68) |
4.67 (0.23) |
4.35 (0.44) |
4.59 (0.59) |
.87 |
| |
4 mo (n = 64) |
3.95 (0.44) |
3.74 (0.45) |
4.81 (0.35) |
.17 |
| |
36 mo (n = 46) |
3.81 (0.45) |
3.31 (0.71) |
4.14 (0.36) |
.56 |
| |
# of intrusions |
|
|
|
|
| |
Baseline (n = 68) |
0.76 (0.28) |
1.44 (0.48) |
2.00 (0.46) |
.13 |
| |
4 mo (n = 64) |
1.90 (0.54) |
1.17 (0.29) |
1.14 (0.42) |
.37 |
| |
36 mo (n = 46) |
1.56 (0.40) |
0.75 (0.21) |
1.07 (0.32) |
.20 |
|
| *Values are average (SE) scores on test among placebo and 2 treatment groups |
| P values are shown for the between-group analysis of variance
at each time period |
