Study
|
Krieger, 1991
|
Crittenden, 1992
|
Dondero, 1996
|
Muller, 1998
|
Dulioust, 2002
|
Nicopoullos, 2004
|
Garrido, 2004
|
Present Study
|
| HIV patients, n (%under ART) |
24 (50) |
39 (48) |
21 (76) |
250 (?) |
189 (94) |
105 (55) |
73 (70) |
190 (91) |
|
| Control group |
Healthy men |
Sperm donor or hemophiliac men |
Fertile or pre-marriage men |
Fertile men |
PWTI |
PWTI |
PWTI |
Fertile men |
| N |
40 |
51 |
30 |
38 |
79 |
234 |
73 |
218 |
| Adjustment for |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Age |
no |
no |
no |
no |
yes |
no |
yes |
yes |
| Abstinence delay |
no |
no |
no |
no |
yes |
no |
yes |
yes |
| Andrologic history |
no |
no |
no |
no |
no |
no |
no |
yes |
| Andrologic examination |
no |
no |
nd |
no |
no |
no |
no |
yes |
| Significant changes in HIV-patients compared with control group |
| Volume (mL) |
no |
no |
no |
reduced |
reduced |
reduced |
no |
reduced |
| pH |
no |
nd |
nd |
no |
no |
nd |
no |
increased |
| Motility a (%) |
no |
nd |
nd |
reduced |
reduced |
no |
no |
reduced |
| Motility a + b (%) |
no |
reduced |
reduced |
reduced |
no |
reduced |
no |
reduced |
| Sperm count 106/mL |
no |
no |
reduced |
reduced |
no |
reduced |
no |
no |
| Total sperm count 106/ ejaculate |
no |
no |
nd |
nd |
reduced |
reduced |
no |
no |
| Normal sperm morphology (%) |
no |
nd |
reduced |
no |
no |
reduced |
nd |
no, but MAI increased |
|
| *ART, antiretroviral treatment; PWTI, partner of women with tubal infertility
included in IVF program; MAI, multiple anomalies index; nd, not done; no, no
significant changes between HIV group and control group |
| Sperm samples were analyzed outside the laboratory |
| From 3 different modes of recruitment (see Methods section) |
| Men with andrologic diseases were excluded |
|
