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Table 1. Main drugs used in intraoperative penile erection management

Drug   Pharmacological Action   Route(s) of Administration   Success   Adverse Events   Dose   Phenylephrine   Pure 1-adrenergic agonist   Intracorporeal injection   Yes   Lack of positive cardiac inotropism or chronotropism, decrease in cardiac output, increase in mean arterial pressure, bradycardia rarely   100–500 µg   Epinephrine   1-adrenergic agonist   Intracorporeal injection   Yes   Inotropism or chronotropism   10–20 µg   Ketamine   Dissociative anesthetic (unknown mode action)   Intravenously   No   Time for flaccidity to develop, hallucinations   0.5–1 mg/kg   Amylnitrate   Vascular smooth muscle relaxant   Inhalation   No   Serious complications in elderly patients   0.3 mL   Terbutaline   ß2-adrenergic agonist   Per os, subcutaneously, intravenously   Yes (with caution)   Tachycardia, pulmonary edema, hypokalemia   5 mg per os/0.25–0.5 mg subcutaneously or intravenously   Other -adrenergic agonists (nor-adrenaline, metaraminol, etilnephrine)   -adrenergic agonists   Intracorporeal injection, intravenously   Yes   Hypertensive crisis, pulmonary edema, rupture of aneurysms, additional ß1 activity   In case

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