Figure 3. Braille displays. (A) A handheld, battery-operated refreshable Braille display that can be used in combination with elastomeric microfluidic chips (B) for valving and actuation. An array of Braille pins (C) that have been positioned in sequence under a microfluidic chip with media of various colors. Where a microchannel of media is interrupted (white Braille pinhead is completely visible) the pin is depressed up onto the PDMS sheet, which subsequently depresses into the channel to interrupt the colored media. This can be used to open or close valves, or when pin depresses into microchannels in sequence, this generates media pumping within the microchannel.