| |
Intake Range* |
Mean DFI |
SD DFI |
%DFI |
High DNA Stainability |
|
| Beta-carotene |
|
|
|
|
|
| Low |
401–1167 mcg |
250.7 (227.9, 275.9) |
180.5 (160.9, 200.0) |
20.0 (16.0, 24.9) |
5.0 (3.9, 6.4) |
| Moderate |
1263–3942 mcg |
264.9 (247.6, 283.4) |
 206.7 (192.9, 220.5) |
21.2 (18.2, 24.8) |
6.9 (5.8, 8.2) |
| High |
3973–33444 mcg |
253.8 (230.8, 279.1) |
190.6 (171.2, 210.0) |
19.8 (15.9, 24.7) |
5.0 (3.9, 6.4) |
| P for trend |
|
0.87 |
0.49 |
0.96 |
0.98 |
| Vitamin C |
|
|
|
|
|
| Low |
26–99 mg |
259.6 (236.7, 284.7) |
190.9 (171.7, 210.1) |
22.3 (18.0, 27.5) |
5.1 (4.0, 6.5) |
| Moderate |
107–400 mg |
254.0 (237.4, 271.7) |
193.0 (179.0, 207.0) |
18.8 (16.1, 21.9) |
6.5 (5.4, 7.8) |
| High |
460–3369 mg |
267.3 (241.8, 295.4) |
208.5 (187.7, 229.3) |
22.9 (18.2, 28.8) |
5.6 (4.3, 7.3) |
| P for trend |
|
0.70 |
0.23 |
0.94 |
0.53 |
| Vitamin E |
|
|
|
|
|
| Low |
2–10  TE |
253.4 (230.5, 278.6) |
189.0 (169.2, 208.8) |
20.4 (16.4, 25.5) |
5.8 (4.5, 7.4) |
| Moderate |
10–118 TE |
263.2 (246.2, 281.5) |
199.4 (185.3, 213.4) |
20.9 (17.9, 24.4) |
6.1 (5.1, 7.3) |
| High |
142–833 TE |
253.9 (230.0, 280.2) |
196.3 (175.6, 216.9) |
20.0 (15.9, 25.1) |
5.6 (4.3, 7.3) |
| P for trend |
|
0.95 |
0.60 |
0.89 |
0.90 |
| Antioxidant composite |
|
|
|
|
|
| Low |
|
253.4 (228.9, 280.6) |
184.4 (163.2, 205.6) |
21.4 (16.9, 27.1) |
5.1 (3.9, 6.7) |
| Moderate |
|
263.3 (247.2, 280.4) |
201.4 (188.4, 214.5) |
20.6 (17.8, 23.8) |
6.4 (5.4, 7.6) |
| High |
|
250.6 (225.2, 278.9) |
193.1 (170.9, 215.4) |
19.7 (15.4, 25.2) |
5.4 (4.1, 7.2) |
| P for trend |
|
0.92 |
0.54 |
0.63 |
0.72 |
|
| *mg TE, milligrams alpha-Tocopherol equivalents (see "Materials
and Methods" for definitions); DFI, DNA fragmentation index. %DFI,
percentage of cells with DFI greater than 247 channels of fluorescence |
| P < .05 for moderate versus low intake |
|
