(A) Map of the ldhc locus. Thicker black line denotes the sequenced areas; boxes denote exons (open when untranslated), ldha in blue and ldhc in green. Restriction enzymes: E = EcoRI, K = KpnI, N = NcoI, and X = XbaI. Primers used for mapping included the following: ldhc exon2: 5'-ATA AACTTTCCCGGTGTAAG-3' and 5'-ATACTAATAGCACACGCCATG-3', ldhc exon3: 5'-GGTTTGGCTGATGAACTTGC-3' and 5'-CAAAGACGATTT TTGGAGTGC-3', ldhc exon4: 5'-ATCTGCCAACTCCAAACTGG-3' and 5'-ACTGGGTTAGTGACGATAAT-3', ldhc exon5: 5'-TTGACATACGTGGTT TGGAAG-3' and 5'-CCATGTTCTCCAAGAACCCA-3', ldhc exon6: 5'-TGCCCATATGGAGTGGTGTA-3' and 5'-CACCACCTGCTTGTGAACAT-3', ldhc exon7: 5'-CGGCTATGAGGTCCTTAACA-3' and 5'-CTTAACCAGCGTGGTAACAG-3', ldhc exon8: 5'-GGCTTCCATGGGATAAAGGA-3' and 5'-CTGTTA CCACGCTGGTTAAG-3', ldha 5': 5'-TTTCTTTGGGGTGTCGCAG-3' and 5'-GCCTTAAATGGAAGCTCCG-3', ldha exon4: 5'-CAAGCTGGTCATTAT CACCG-3' and 5'-GGATTGGAGACGATCAGCAG-3', and ldha 3': 5'-TCTCGGATGTTGTGAAGGTG-3' and 5'-TTTCCCCACACCATCTCAAC-3'. (B) Genomic organization and location of repetitive elements in the ldha gene, derived from the sequence available in GenBank, and of the ldhc gene as reported in this paper. Orange boxes denote SINE (short interspersed nuclear element) repeat elements (B1, B1F, B2, B3, B3A, MUSID2, MUSID4, RSINE1, RSINE2, and RSINE2A), red boxes denote LINE (long interspersed nuclear element), transposon, and endogenous retrovirus elements (L1MB6_5, L1P_MA2, MERVL, RMER6A, and URR1), and purple boxes denote short tandem repeats (ie, (GGGGA)n, (CAAAA)n, (CA)n, and (A)n)).