Journal of Andrology
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Published-Ahead-of-Print December 3, 2009, DOI:10.2164/jandrol.109.009266

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Roles of Androgen Receptor in Male and Female Reproduction: Lessons from Global and Cell Specific Androgen Receptor Knockout (ARKO) Mice

Xinchang Zhou *

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: xinchang-zhou{at}uiowa.edu.

The androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a ligand-dependent transcription factor involved in regulating expression of an array of androgen-responsive genes. AR-mediated androgen actions play the important roles in male and female reproductive development and function. AR mutations can cause a diverse range of diseases such as testicular feminization mutation (Tfm) syndrome, prostate cancer, Kennedy's disease. However, due to lack of genetic models, the molecular mechanisms involved in physiological and pathological effects of androgen /AR function in male and female reproductive health remains largely unknown. To get a better insight into the molecular working mechanisms of the AR, a global and several cell specific conditional knockout mouse models have been developed. These models are reviewed here and the phenotypes of the different cell specific ARKO mice are compared with those of the global ARKO mice.


Key words: conditional knockout • nuclear receptor • phenotype




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