Journal of Andrology
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Published-Ahead-of-Print April 8, 2010, DOI:10.2164/jandrol.109.008821

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Androgen Receptor Gene CAG and GGN Repeat Polymorphisms in Chilean Men with Primary Severe Spermatogenic Failure

Eduardo Castro-Nallar , Ketty Bacallao , Alexis Parada-Bustamante , María C. Lardone , Patricia V. López , Marcia Madariaga , Raúl Valdevenito , Antonio Piottante , Mauricio Ebensperger , and Andrea Castro *

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: acastro{at}med.uchile.cl.

There is ample documentation supporting the fact that Androgens are required for normal spermatogenesis. A minority of infertile men have abnormal testosterone blood levels or mild androgen receptor mutations. We investigated the androgen receptor CAG and GGN repeat lengths in Chilean men with spermatogenic impairment. We studied 117 secretory azo/oligozoospermic men (93 idiopathic and 24 ex-cryptorchidic), without Y-chromosome microdeletions, and 121 controls with normal spermatogenesis (42 obstructive and 79 normozoospermic men). Peripheral blood was drawn to obtain genomic DNA for PCR and automated sequencing of CAG and GGN repeats. Testicular characterization included hormonal studies, physical evaluation and seminal and biopsy analysis. The CAG and GGN polymorphisms distribution were similar among idiopathic, ex-cryptorquidic and controls and among the different types of spermatogenic impairment. However, the proportion of the CAG 21 allele was significantly increased in idiopathic cases compared to controls (P= 0.012 by Bonferroni test, OR=2.99, 95% CI=1.27-7.0) and the CAG 32 allele only was observed in ex-cryptorchidic patients (P< 0.0002, Bonferroni test). Idiopathic cases with Sertoli cell-only syndrome showed the highest proportion of the CAG 21 allele (P= 0.024, Chi square test). On the other hand, in idiopathic cases and controls the most common GGN allele was 23 followed by 24, but an inverse relation was found between ex-criptorchidic cases. The joint distribution of CAG and GGN in control, idiopathic or ex-cryptorchidic groups did not show an association between the two allele repeat Polymorphisms (P> 0.05, Chi square test). Our results suggest that CAG 21 allele seems to increase the risk of idiopathic Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Moreover, the GGN 24 allele could be contributing to deranged androgen receptor function, associated with cryptorchidism and spermatogenic failure.


Key words: Sertoli cell-only syndrome • androgen receptor • glutamine and glycine repeat plymorphisms • male infertility




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A. Parada-Bustamante, M. C. Lardone, R. Valdevenito, M. Ebensperger, P. V. Lopez, M. Madariaga, A. Piottante, and A. Castro
Analysis of 6 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Androgen Receptor Gene in Chilean Patients With Primary Spermatogenic Failure
J Androl, January 1, 2012; 33(1): 88 - 95.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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