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Temporal Decreases in Sperm Motility: Which Patients Should Have Motility Checked at Both 1 and 2 Hours After Collection?

LAURA M. KELLER

MELISSA R. HINER

GARY D. SMITH^*,,,

From the Departments of ^* Urology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Integrated and Molecular Physiology and the Reproductive Sciences Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Correspondence to: Gary D. Smith, 6428 Medical Sciences I, 1301 E Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0617 (e-mail: smithgd{at}umich.edu).

A decrease in sperm motility, and thus total motile sperm count (TMSC), over a period of hours might have clinical implications in counseling couples considering intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The objective of this study was to identify patients with decreases in sperm motility from 1 to 2 hours after collection and examine predictive relationships with semen analysis parameters. Between 2001 and 2005, 2313 semen samples were analyzed. Sperm motility was evaluated at both 1 and 2 hours after time of collection. Relevant seminal parameters were compared between patients, with a decrease in 1-hour to 2-hour motility (n = 384) compared with those that showed no change (n = 1929). The same analysis was performed in a subset of patients with a TMSC between 10 and 40 million. In the total patient population, only 16% (384/2313) demonstrated a decrease in 1-hour to 2-hour motility. In patients displaying a decrease in the 1–2-hour motility, sperm concentration (33.5 vs 79 million/mL, P < .0001) and percent normal morphology (7% vs 8%, P < .0001) were significantly lower. Additionally, a significantly higher incidence of 1–2-hour motility decrease was seen in patients with midpiece anomalies (33.3% vs 15.9%, P = .01). Within the subpopulation of 10–40 million TMSC, the only statistically significant difference was in patients with midpiece anomalies (80.0% vs 28.2%, P = .02) who demonstrated a higher incidence of the 1–2-hour motility decrease. Overall, patients with a TMSC between 10 and 40 million showed a significantly higher incidence of 1–2-hour motility decrease compared with the rest of the patient population (29.0% vs 14.6%, P < .0001). Because decreases in 1–2-hour sperm motility affect only a small portion of patients, it is not necessary to check 2-hour motility on all patients. However, because patients with a TMSC between 10 and 40 million were significantly more likely to show a decrease in sperm motility—a decrease that could have possible clinical implications in couples deciding between IUI, IVF, or ICSI—checking 2-hour sperm motility should be considered in this population.

     Key words: Assisted reproduction, infertility, semen, semen analysis