Journal of Andrology
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Published-Ahead-of-Print April 4, 2007, DOI:10.2164/jandrol.106.002428
Journal of Andrology, Vol. 28, No. 4, July/August 2007
Copyright © American Society of Andrology
DOI: 10.2164/jandrol.106.002428

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Effects of the Chemotherapeutic Agents for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisone (CHOP), on the Male Rat Reproductive System and Progeny Outcome

FARIDA VAISHEVA*, GERALDINE DELBES*, BARBARA F. HALES* AND BERNARD ROBAIRE*,{dagger}

From the Departments of * Pharmacology and Therapeutics and {dagger} Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada

Correspondence to: Dr Bernard Robaire, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6 (e-mail: bernard.robaire{at}mcgill.ca).


Chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) is associated with significant gonadal damage. Our goal was to determine the impact of CHOP chemotherapy on the male reproductive system, fertility, and progeny outcome in the rat model. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received saline or CHOP, 4 cycles of 3 weeks each, at doses analogous to 1/3x, 2/3x, or 1x the human dose; males were mated to evaluate effects on progeny outcome. Reproductive organ weights were significantly decreased in the 1x CHOP–exposed group. The spermatozoal contents of the testes and epididymides were decreased in 1x CHOP–treated males; the 1/3x and 2/3x doses also affected testicular sperm contents. Seminiferous tubule diameters were decreased by 20% in 1x CHOP–treated males. Damage ranged from the presence of small vacuoles in the epithelium to tubules deprived of spermatocytes and spermatids and was accompanied by an increased incidence of germ cell apoptosis. The acridine orange assay revealed a significant increase in sperm with abnormal DNA integrity profiles in the 1x CHOP group. Despite effects on germ cell number and quality, CHOP-exposed rats remained fertile. However, a 50% decrease in live fetuses was observed in litters sired by 1x CHOP–treated males due to a significant increase in both pre-implantation and postimplantation losses; postimplantation loss was also elevated among litters sired by 2/3x CHOP–treated males. Thus, CHOP treatment affected both the quantity and quality of male germ cells; conceptal loss is a sensitive measure of the integrity of the male genome.

     Key words: Anticancer drugs, spermatogenesis, male germ cell apoptosis, adverse effects, developmental toxicity




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