Journal of Andrology
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Published-Ahead-of-Print November 22, 2005, DOI:10.2164/jandrol.05122
Journal of Andrology, Vol. 27, No. 2, March/April 2006
Copyright © American Society of Andrology
DOI: 10.2164/jandrol.05122

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Relationship of Cytoplasmic Droplets to Motility, Migration in Mucus, and Volume Regulation of Human Spermatozoa

SABINA FETIC*, CHING-HEI YEUNG*, BARBARA SONNTAG{dagger}, EBERHARD NIESCHLAG* AND TREVOR G. COOPER*

From the * Institute of Reproductive Medicine and the {dagger} Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Münster, Germany.

Correspondence to: Dr T. G. Cooper, Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University of Münster, Domagkstrasse 11, D-48129 Münster, Germany.


A significantly greater percentage of motile than immotile spermatozoa bore droplets at the osmolality of semen and cervical mucus. The percentage of spermatozoa with droplets was not significantly correlated with the osmolality of semen or the extent of cell swelling in response to quinine in hypotonic medium. Droplets appeared slightly more frequently (ie, were more obvious) in the presence of quinine, which blocks regulatory volume decrease, indicating that they are the major site of volume expansion. There was no selection for or against droplet-bearing spermatozoa migrating through viscous surrogate mucus at high or low osmolality. Sperm swelling in response to quinine at mucus osmolality was significantly greater in fathers than in patients whose partners had no fertility problem. Therefore, cytoplasmic droplets are not deleterious to sperm motility and may be related to physiological volume regulation, which may be predictive of some forms of human male infertility.

     Key words: Fathers, mucus penetration, sperm swelling, semen analysis, diagnosis






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