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Journal of Andrology, Vol 19, Issue 5 517-526, Copyright © 1998 by The American Society of Andrology
REVIEW |
J. L. Marmar
Division of Urology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Camden, 08103, USA.
Epididymal and testicular spermatozoa have been used widely for ICSI among men with obstructive azoospermia and NOA. New aspiration and biopsy techniques are available, and several sperm preparation methods have been described to isolate sperm. Most samples have sufficient sperm for cryopreservation. Accordingly, clinicians must sort through these new procedures to develop treatment plans that best suit their practices. In the future, other methods will be developed, and clinicians will have to critically review them prior to use.
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