Table 4. Literature review of PSA changes and risk of prostate cancer with testosterone supplementation in hypogonadal men*
Study (lead author) No. Treated Patients Delivery Route Treatment Duration (mo) Mean PSA Change (ng/mL) No. With Cancer

Tenover (1992) 13 IM 3 0.6 0
Sih et al (1997) 10 IM 12 0.7 0
Hajjar et al (1997) 26 IM 24 0.49 0
Svetec et al (1997) 48 IM 12.8 0.29 0
Guay et al (2000) 16 Patch 3 0.2 3
25 IM 3 0.63 (overall)
48 Clomiphene 3 1.0
Snyder et al (1999) 54 Patch 36 0.6 1
Present study: all time points 54 IM 30.2 0.96 1
More than 36 mo only (subset) 19 IM 58.5 0.59 0

*IM indicates intramuscular; PSA, prostate-specific antigen.